The God has created a man in order that he creates that the God fails to do



Monday, 22 September 2014

SUSY gauge theory on graded manifolds


Our article: G. Sardanashvily, W. Wachowski, SUSY gauge theory on graded manifolds, arXiv: 1406.6318
  

Lagrangian classical field theory of even and odd fields is adequately formulated in terms of fibre bundles and graded manifolds. In particular, conventional Yang-Mills gauge theory is theory of connections on smooth principal bundles, but its BRST extension involves odd ghost fields an antifields on graded manifolds. Here, we formulate Yang-Mills theory of Grassmann-graded gauge fields associated to Lie superalgebras on principal graded bundles. A problem lies in a geometric definition of odd gauge fields. Our goal is Yang--Mills theory of graded gauge fields and its BRST extension.

Conventional Yang–Mills theory of classical gauge fields is adequately formulated as Lagrangian theory of principal connections on smooth principal bundles. Here, we aim to develop Yang–Mills theory of Grassmann-graded even and odd gauge fields associated to Lie superalgebras which characterize various SUSY extensions of Standard Model. A key point is the geometric description of odd gauge fields. A main contradiction is that gauge fields are affine objects, whereas odd fields are linear. A problem also lies in definition of odd fields and their jets.



Wednesday, 17 September 2014

Who is who among universities in 2014



New world ranking of universities QS World University Rankings 2014/15 has been published. It contains 901 universities.

The top ten positions are occupied by 6 universities of USA and 4 of United Kingdom.

In the top twenty: 11 - USA, 6 - United Kingdom, 2 – Switzerland, 1 -  Canada.

In the first 50 Universities: 18 – USA; 8 - United Kingdom; 5 – Australia, 4 - China (including 3 of Hong-Kong ); 3 – Canada;  2 – Switzerland, France, Japan and Singapore; 1 – Germany, Netherlands, Denmark and Korea.


See (#) for the rankings of Russian universities.





Friday, 12 September 2014

Dmitri Ivanenko (in honor of the 110th year anniversary)


My article "Dmitri Ivanenko" (in honor of the 110th year anniversary), Science Newsletter, Issue 1 (2014) 16-17, has been published (#) (see its text below) and has been reproduced in arXiv: 1607.03828



Dmitri Ivanenko (29.07.1904 – 30.12.1994), professor of Moscow State University, was one of the great theoreticians of XX century, an author of the proton-neutron model of atomic nucleus (1932).

D. Ivanenko was born on July 29, 1904 in Poltava (Russian Empire), where he began his creative path as a school teacher of physics. In 1923 Ivanenko entered Petrograd University. In 1926, while still a student, he wrote first scientific works with his friends George Gamov and Lev Landau (Nobel Laureate in 1962). After graduating the university, from 1927 to 1930 D. Ivanenko was a scholarship student and a researcher scientist at the Physical Mathematical Institute of Academy of Sciences of USSR. During these years he collaborated with Vladimir Fok and Viktor Ambartsumian, later to become famous.

In 1929 – 31, Dmitri Ivanenko worked at the Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, being the first director of its theoretical division; Lev Landau followed him in 1932 – 37. Paskual Jordan, Victor Wieskopf, Felix Bloch (Nobel laureate in 1952) and Paul Dirac (Nobel Laureate in 1933) visited D. Ivanenko in Kharkiv. In Kharkiv, Ivanenko organized the 1st Soviet theoretical conference (1929) and the first soviet journal "Physikalische Zeitschrift der Sowjetunion" in foreign language (1932).

After returning to Leningrad at the Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, D. Ivanenko concentrated his interest to nuclear physics. In May 1932, Ivanenko published the proton-neutron model of the atomic nucleus in “Nature”, and two months later Werner Heisenberg (Nobel laureate in 1932) referred to his work. In August 1932, D. Ivanenko and E. Gapon proposed the pioneer nuclear shell model describing the energy level arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nucleus in terms of energy levels. Later this model was developed by Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize for their contributions.

Ivanenko’s success pushed forward the nuclear physics in the USSR. In 1933 on the initiative of Dmitri Ivanenko and Igor Kurchatov, the 1st Soviet nuclear conference was organized. Paul Dirac, Frédéric Joliot-Curie (Nobel laureate in 1935), Fransis Perrin, Ftanko Rasetti, Victor Wieskopf et al participated in this Conference.


The realization of Ivanenko's far-reaching plans and hopes was interrupted, however. In 1935 he was arrested in connection with the Sergey Kirov affair. Exile to Tomsk followed. D. Ivanenko was a professor at Tomsk and Sverdlovsk Universitie until the beginning of the World War II. From 1943 and until the last days of his life, he was closely associated with the Physics Faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Dmitri Ivanenko made the fundamental contribution to many areas of nuclear physics, field theory and gravitation theory.

In 1928, Ivanenko and Landau developed the theory of fermions as skew-symmetric tensors in contrast with the Dirac spinor model. Their theory, widely known as the Ivanenko -- Landau – Kahler theory, is not equivalent to Dirac's one in the presence of a gravitational field, and only it describes fermions in contemporary lattice field theory.

In 1929, Ivanenko and Fock generalized the Dirac equation and described parallel displacement of spinors in a curved space-time (the famous Fock – Ivanenko coefficients). Nobel laureate Abdus Salam called it the first gauge field theory.

In 1930, Ambartsumian and Ivanenko suggested the hypothesis of creation and annihilation of massive particles which became the corner stone of contemporary quantum field theory.

In 1934 Dmitri Ivanenko and Igor Tamm (Nobel Laureate in 1958) suggested the first non-phenomenological theory of paired electron-neutrinor nuclear forces. They made the significant assumption that interaction can be undergone by an exchange of massive particles. Based on their model, Nobel laureate Hideki Yukawa developed his meson theory.

In 1938, Ivanenko proposed a non-linear generalization of Dirac's equation. Based on this generalization, W. Heisenberg and he developed the unified nonlinear field theory in 50th.

In 1944, Dmitri Ivanenko and Isaak Pomeranchuk predicted the phenomenon of synchrotron radiation given off by relativistic electrons in a betatron. This radiation was soon discovered by American experimenters D. Bluitt (1946) and H. Pollock (1947). Synchrotron radiation possesses a number of very particular properties which provide its wide applications. In particular, neutron stars also are sources of this type radiation. Classical theory of synchrotron radiation was developed by Dmitri Ivanenko in collaboration with Arseny. Sokolov in 1948, and independently by Julian Schwinger (Nobel Laureate in 1965). For their work on synchrotron radiation, D. Ivanenko, A. Sokolov and I. Pomeranchuk were awarded the Stalin Prize in 1950.

Two of D. Ivanenko's and A. Sokolov's monographs "Classical Field Theory" and "Quantum Field Theory" were published at the beginning of the 50th. “Classical field theory” was the first contemporary book on field theory where, for instance, the technique of generalized functions was applied. Nobel laureate Ilya Prigogine referred to it as his text-book.

In 1956, D. Ivanenko developed the theory of hypernuclei discovered by Marian Danysz and Jerzy Pniewski in 1952.

At the beginning of the 1960's, D. Ivanenko did intensive scientific and organizational work on the development and coordination of gravitation research in the USSR. In 1961, on his initiative the 1st Soviet gravitation conference was organized. D. Ivanenko was the organizer of Soviet Gravitation Commission, which lasted until the 1980's. He was a member of the International gravitation Committee since its founding in 1959. In the 70 – 80th, D. Ivanenko was concentrated on gravitation theory. He developed different generalizations of Einstein's General Relativity, including gravity with torsion and gauge gravitation theory. In 1985, D. Ivanenko and his collaborators published two monographs "Gravitation" and "Gauge Gravitation Theory".

Theoretical physics in the USSR has been enormously influenced by the seminar on theoretical physics organized by D. D. Ivanenko in 1944 that has continued to meet for 50 years under his guidance at the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University. The distinguishing characteristic of Ivanenko's seminar was the breadth of its grasp of the problems of theoretical physics and its discussion of the links between its various divisions, for example, gravitation theory and elementary particle physics. The most prominent physicists in the world participated in the seminar: Niels and Aage Bohr, Paul Dirac, Hideki Yukawa, Julian Schwinger, Abdus Salam, Ilya Prigogine, Samuel Ting, Paskual Jordan, Tullio Regge, John Wheeler, Roger Penrose et al.

The scientific style of Dmitri Ivanenko was characterized by great interest in ideas of frontiers in science where these ideas were based on strong mathematical methods or experiment.
It should be noted that seven Nobel Laureates: P.A.M. Dirac, H. Yukawa, N.Bohr, I. Prigogine, S. Ting, M. Gell-Mann, G. 't Hooft wrote their famous inscriptions with a chalk on the walls of Ivanenko's office in Moscow State University.





Tuesday, 26 August 2014

Foundations of modern physics 6: Lagrangian formalism



Lagrangian formalism on fibre bundles is formulated in a strict mathematical way. Therefore, it can be applied, e. g. to classical field theory (#) and non-autonomous classical mechanics (#) where dynamic variables are sections of fibre bundles.

Let Y->X be a fibre bundle over an n-dimensional smooth manifold X. A Lagrangian density Ld^{n}x (or, simply, a Lagrangian) of order r is defined as an exterior n-form on the r-order jet manifold J^{r}Y of Y->X. A Lagrangian can be introduced as an element of the variational bicomplex of a differential graded algebra of exterior forms on jet manifolds of Y->X of all order. The coboundary operator of this bicomplex contains the variational operator which, acting on a Lagrangian, defines the associated Euler – Lagrange operator and the corresponding Euler – Lagrange equations.

First and second Noether theorems also are formulated. To study symmetries of a Lagrangian, one considers vector fields on a fibre bundle Y which are treated as infinitesimal generators of one-parameter groups of automorphisms of Y. Such a vector field u is called a symmetry of a Lagrangian L if the Lie derivative of L along u vanishes. In this case, the first Noether theorem leads to a conservation law of the corresponding symmetry current.

References

WikipediA: Lagrangian system

G. Sardanashvily, Five lectures on the jet manifolds in field theory, arXiv: hep-th/9411089

G.Sardanashvily, Fibre bundles, jet manifolds and Lagrangian theory. Lectures for theoreticians, arXiv: 0908.1886v1




Friday, 15 August 2014

What academic social networks are most popular?


What academic social networks are most popular? See the brilliant article: Richard van Norden, Online collaboration: Scientists and the social network, Nature 512 N7513 (2014) (#). 

The results are summarized in the following diagram:






Saturday, 9 August 2014

Obituary Prof. Giovanni Giachetta, my colleague and co-author



I am sorry to inform that Prof. Giovanni Giachetta, my colleague and co-author of over 80 our common works and 4 monographs, passed away on the 6th August 2014.


  
Giovanni Giachetta  was born on the 12th May 1961 in Camerino (MC), Italy and passed away on the 6th August 2014 in San Severino Marche (MC).  He was an Associate Professor in mathematical physics at the University of Camerino, Italy. He has held this position since 2002.   His scientific interests covered a wide range of topics, including the application of Differential Geometry in Mathematical Physics, Classical Mechanics, Field Theory, Calculus of Variations, Symmetries and Conservation Laws. Author of over 100 papers and 4 monographs. Co-founder, Associate Editor (2003-2012) and a member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics.



Sunday, 3 August 2014

Impact Factor 2013 of Journals in Mathematical Physics


Impact Factor 2013 of the most authoritative Journals in Mathematical Physics


Journal Title
2013
2012
2011
2.074
2.415
1.819
1.901
1.971
1.941
1.687
1.766
1.564
1.448
1.092
1.213
1.176
1.296
1.291


Wednesday, 23 July 2014

Foundations of modern physics 5: Supergeometry


SUSY extension of field theory including supergravity is greatly motivated by grand-unification models and contemporary string and brane theories. However, there are different notions of a Lie supergroup, a supermanifold and a superbundle.

Let us mention a definition of a super Lie group as a Harish -- Chandra pair of a Lie group and a super Lie algebra, a graded Lie group and a Lie supergroup.

It should be emphasized that graded manifolds are not supermanifolds in a strict sense. However, every graded manifold can be associated to a DeWitt infinity-smooth H-supermanifold, and vice versa.

Both graded manifolds and supermanifolds are phrased in terms of sheaves of graded commutative algebras. However, graded manifolds are characterized by sheaves on smooth manifolds, while supermanifolds are constructed by gluing of sheaves on supervector spaces. In field theory, treating odd fields on a smooth manifold X, one can follow the well-known Serre--Swan theorem extended to graded manifolds. It states that, if a graded commutative ring over a ring C(X) of smooth functions on X is generated by a projective C(X)-module of finite rank, it is isomorphic to a ring of graded functions on a graded manifold whose body is X. Therefore, odd fields in field theory are described in terms of graded manifolds.

One usually consider supermanifolds over Grassmann algebras of finite rank. This is the case of infinity-smooth GH-, H-, G-supermanifolds and G-supermanifolds. By analogy with familiar smooth manifolds, infinity-smooth supermanifolds are constructed by gluing of open subsets of supervector spaces endowed with the Euclidean topology. However, if a supervector space is provided with the non-Hausdorff DeWitt topology, we are in the case of DeWitt supermanifolds.

In a more general setting, one considers supermanifolds over the so called Arens--Michael algebras of Grassmann origin. They are R-supermanifolds obeying a certain set of axioms. In the case of a finite Grassmann algebra, the category of R-supermanifolds is equivalent to the category of G-supermanifolds.


The most of theoreticians however ignore these mathematical details.

References

G. Sardanashvily, Lectures on supergeometry arXiv: 0910.0092
WikipediA  Supergeometry


Friday, 4 July 2014

It seems that gravitational waves do not exist


It seems that gravitational waves do not exist: 


From the theoretical viewpoint, gravitational waves are ill defined because gravitational equations are non-linear. An energy-momentum tensor of a gravitational field also is under discussion since it reduces to the boundary terms. 

Moreover, it may happen that, being a Higgs field, gravitational field is not quantized, but it is classical in principle (#)

Friday, 27 June 2014

Highly cited researchers - 2014 by countries



The list of Highly Cited Researchers 2014 has been published by Thomson Reuters (#) 

It contains 3215 names.

The following is the contribution of different countries and some universities to this list by an amount of researchers of primary affiliation:


·     USA – 1699; UK – 305; Germany – 163; China – 157 (Hong Kong – 25); Japan – 98; Canada – 88; France – 82; Netherlands – 77; Switzerland – 67; Australia – 65; Italy – 51; Spain – 43; Belgium, Saudi Arabia – 32; Sweden – 28; Denmark – 27; South Korea – 21; Austria – 19; Finland, Singapore – 14; Israel – 13;  Ireland – 12; Iran, Iceland – 11; Turkey – 10; India, Norway, Taiwan – 8; South Africa – 6; Brazil, Greece, Russia – 5; Poland, Czech Republic, Indonesia, New Zealand – 4, …


·     Harvard University (USA) – 106, Stanford University (USA) – 56, University of California, Berkeley (USA) – 43, University of Oxford (UK) – 33, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA) – 31, Princeton University (USA) – 27, University of Cambridge (UK) – 23, Cornell University (USA) – 21.



Tuesday, 3 June 2014

Моя "трилогия" советской физики



Так получилось, что опубликованные мною три историко-биографические книги, возникшие всякий раз случайно и импульсивно, составили своего рода "трилогию" советской физики.



Г.А. Сарданашвили, "Между рассветом и закатом. Советская физика в 1950-79 гг." (М., УРСС, 2014) (#)

envelope2014



Г.А. Сарданашвили, "Дмитрий Иваненко - суперзвезда советской физики. Ненаписанные мемуары" (М., УРСС, 2010) (#)

sard-Ivanenko



Г.А. Сарданашвили, "Я - ученый. Заметки теорфизика" (М., УРСС, 2011) (#)

sard-memories

Monday, 26 May 2014

New Book: Г.А. Сарданашвили, «Между рассветом и закатом. Советская физика в 1950-79 гг»



Вышла моя новая книга: Г.А. Сарданашвили, «Между рассветом и закатом. Советская физика в 1950-79 гг» (М., УРСС, 2014) 

envelope2014

Аннотация

Это миф, что Советский Союз преуспел в развитии науки. Он создал «советскую» науку – науку мирового уровня по предмету и результатам исследований, но весьма особую как систему – государственную и директивно управляемую, что ее и погубило. Правда, едва ли не до 60-х годов это еще не была «советская» наука – книга посвящена физике. Ее делали дореволюционная профессура и ее «непролетарские» ученики 20 – 30-х годов – генерации Иоффе, Скобельцына, Френкеля, Семенова, Капицы, Тамма, Фока, Курчатова, Харитона, Иваненко, Ландау, Боголюбова и др. Однако, когда наука в 60 – 70-е годы стала действительно «советской», ее самой как мировой науки не стало. В книге дается критический анализ, как все это произошло. 



Содержание


О КНИГЕ
ОБ АВТОРЕ
ГЛАВА 1. ФИЛОСОФСКАЯ ПРЕЛЮДИЯ
Свобода – имманентное свойство жизни
Что такое человеческое сознание?
Мышление суждениями не универсально и антропоморфно
Истина многовариантна и противоречива
Всякая система суждений или неполна, или противоречива
Всякое директивное руководство некомпетентно
Что такое советский общественный строй?
Примечание. Формальные логические системы
Примечание. III Династия Ура древней Месопотамии
ГЛАВА 2. СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ
Ядерная физика в СССР. Начало
Репрессии 30-х и 40-х годов
Советский Атомный проект. Смогли
ГЛАВА 3. СОВЕТСКАЯ ФИЗИКА. ЦИФРЫ
Физики
Институты
Инструменты
Ускорители
Телескопы
Достижения
Выпуск физфака МГУ 1952 г.
ГЛАВА 4. КАК ЭТО БЫЛО
Биофизика в СССР. Начало
Борьба за физфак МГУ
Гравитация в СССР: «Мы в этом вопросе можем отстать»
Космические исследования (1957 – 85 гг.)
ГЛАВА 5. «СОВЕТСКАЯ» ФИЗИКА. ОЦЕНКИ
Что такое «советская» наука?
Вертикаль Академии Наук
Партийная физика
Под эгидой «оборонки»
«Невыездная» наука
Две стороны «пятого пункта»
ЧТО ДАЛЬШЕ?
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ
1. Лист ведущих советских ученых-физиков (1950 – 79 гг.)
2. Лист главных научных физических институтов (1950 – 79 гг.)
3. Мировые достижения в фундаментальной физике (1950 – 79 гг.)
4. Лист выпускников физфака МГУ 1952 г.
5. Физфак МГУ. Письмо академиков (1944 г.)
ЛИТЕРАТУРА


О книге

  Это миф, что Советский Союз преуспел в развитии науки. Он создал «советскую» науку – науку мирового уровня по предмету и результатам исследований, но весьма особую как систему – государственную и директивно управляемую. Правда, едва ли не до 60-х годов это еще не была «советская» наука – книга посвящена физике. Ее делали дореволюционные кадры и их «непролетарские» ученики 20-х годов – генерации Иоффе, Скобельцына, Френкеля, Семенова, Капицы, Тамма, Фока, Курчатова, Харитона, Иваненко, Ландау, Боголюбова и др. Однако, когда наука в 60 – 70-е годы стала действительно «советской», ее самой как мировой науки не стало. В книге дается критический анализ, как все это произошло. 

Я сосредоточусь на периоде 1950 – 79 гг. Почему? Во-первых, к 1950 г. были более или менее преодолены непосредственные последствия войны, демобилизованы армия и промышленность, восстанавливались оказавшиеся под оккупацией территории и т. д. Страна вышла на этап мирного развития, хотя и под эгидой подготовки к новой, уже ядерной, мировой войне. Во-вторых, проведя в 1949 г. испытание атомной бомбы, СССР вступил в 50-е годы уже в совершенно новом качестве ядерной державы. Именно 1950 – 79 гг. были периодом его сопоставимого паритета с США в ракетно-ядерных вооружениях и освоении космоса, вылившегося в «гонку вооружений» и острое научно-техническое соперничество. 

Однако к началу 80-х годов СССР эту соперничество стал безнадежно проигрывать. Отставание было настолько явным, что это понял тогдашний американский президент Рональд Рейган (1981 – 89 гг.) и предвосхитил крах СССР. И конечно, об этом знало советское руководство. После смерти Л.И. Брежнева в 1982 г. начался мучительный поиск решения проблемы, приведший к власти «реформатора» Горбачева в 1985 г., пытавшегося модернизировать СССР в рамках советской системы, но безуспешно. Через шесть лет СССР рухнул, сам по себе, «без крови», как иссохший на солнце песочный замок.

По своей научной специализации я – физик-теоретик, и потому в книге в основном ограничусь фундаментальной физикой и близкими к ней областями. Что имеется в виду?

Современная наука подразделяется на фундаментальную, прикладную и технологическую. Фундаментальная наука открывает новые законы, прикладная наука апробирует уже известные законы в утилитарных целях, а технологическая (техническая) наука разрабатывает желаемый продукт и технологии его производства. 

Таким образом, фундаментальная наука дает знание, а прикладная и технологическая его опосредуют. Однако всякое знание самоценно само по себе, даже если оно утилитарно не востребовано. Почему? Во-первых, знание – это о том, что есть, вне отношения к нему человека. Человечества могло и не быть, а гравитация есть. Во-вторых, заранее не известно, чем обернется то или иное знание. Никто в 1932 г. не предугадывал, что открытие нейтрона, уже через 13 лет приведет к созданию мощнейшего оружия. В-третьих, никакое знание не изолировано, оно всегда встроено в общее знание, да и в мировоззрение. Хрестоматийный пример – эйнштейновская специальная теория относительности. В начале XX века в ней разбирались единицы, но мысль, что даже время не абсолютно, изменило тогдашнее человечество.

Еще в конце XIX века почти вся наука была фундаментальной, а в XVI веке науки, вообще говоря, не было. Даже математика в XIX веке была не вполне наукой, пока не признала правомерность доказательства существования не путем построения.

Если обратиться к физике, то, например, физика полупроводников настолько полно изучена (четыре Нобелевские премии 1956, 1973, 2000 и 2009 гг.), что уже давно, с 70-х годов, является прикладной и технологической наукой, и последняя из упомянутых выше Нобелевских премий «за изобретение полупроводниковой схемы для регистрации изображений – ПЗС-сенсора» (Уиллард Бойл, Джордж Смит, 2009) тому свидетельство. В противоположность полупроводникам, сколько-нибудь исчерпывающей теории ядерных сил так и не удалось построить (всего две Нобелевские премии 1963 и 1975 гг. за весьма частные результаты), но после создания атомного реактора и атомной бомбы ядерная физика уже в 50-е стала в основном технической, более того, промышленной и оборонной отраслью, для которой оказались вполне достаточными феноменологические формулы и закономерности. Три из шести Нобелевских премий по физике советских ученых (Л.Д. Ландау, П.Л. Капица, А.А. Абрикосов и В.Л. Гинзбург) получены за физику сверхтекучести и сверхпроводимости, которая уже в 60-е годы тоже перешла в разряд прикладной.

Я не касаюсь в книге радиофизики, физики сред, геофизики. А биофизика? Все-таки биофизика по самому предмету исследования – белковая жизнь на планете Земля – это биология. Живая система определяется как структура, участвующая в своем воспроизведении, т. е. в возникновении себе подобной структуры, которая не могла бы появиться, если бы исходной структуры не было (см. Свобода – имманентное свойство жизни). Это их характеристическое свойство не описывается физическими законами. Но в книге я говорю о биофизике (см. Биофизика в СССР. Начало), поскольку своим становлением в СССР она во многом обязана советскому Атомному проекту. Другим аппендиксом советской военной программы стали научные космические исследования (см. Космические исследования (1957 – 85 гг.)).

К фундаментальной же физике с середины XX века неизменно относятся теоретическая физика, физика элементарных частиц, астрофизика и космология. Это – вершина мировой физической науки, которой принадлежит 32=60% из 54 исследований в период 1950 – 79 гг., удостоенных Нобелевских премий по физике (см. Приложение 3). 

При этом, развитие фундаментальной физики и математики в той или иной стране во многом определяет квалификацию ее вузовских преподавателей, а тем самым обуславливает ее общий научно-технический уровень. Кстати, во многих ныне развивающихся странах это вполне осознают, например, в Иране, несмотря на его нынешний клерикальный режим, в чем я сам удостоверился, будучи на протяжении десяти лет главным редактором международного журнала по математической физике. Это, надо отдать ему должное, прекрасно понимало и руководство СССР, в противоположность сегодняшней российской власти. Однако сам характер советского государства препятствовал развитию в нем фундаментальной науки (см. Что такое «советская» наука?). 

С другой стороны, уже в 80-е годы развитие фундаментальной физики (ускорители, орбитальные телескопы и др.) стало невозможно без изощренной техники и высоких технологий. СССР тогда таковыми не располагал и безнадежно отстал (см. Инструменты). С этой проблемой столкнулись и другие страны, за исключением США. Однако они нашли выход в международной научной кооперации, хрестоматийный пример которой – ЦЕРН. Тогда как советская наука была целенаправленно изолирована от мировой науки и, более того, противопоставлена ей (см. «Невыездная» наука). Подобно гонке вооружений, шла своего рода научная гонка: «мы» или «они». И «мы» в этой гонке проиграли. Почему? Об этом моя книга.

А что же дальше? Боюсь, что ничего, что 50 – 60-е годы XX века были вершиной не только советской, но вообще отечественной физики на все времена. Потому я и написал эту книгу.



Look Inside



Sunday, 18 May 2014

Does the "fifth force" exist?



An additional exponential (Yukawa) type term to the Newton gravitation potential, i.e., the so-called "fifth force" remains a candidate in order to explain astrophysical and cosmological "dark matter" phenomena. This modification of gravity also results from affine gauge theory. Its experimental verification attracted much attention in 80-90th, but nothing was found at laboratory and planetary distances in accordance with the following diagram in arXiv: hep-ph/9606249:




At present fifth forces at the sub-Angstrom length scale again are investigated (#).






Wednesday, 7 May 2014

Dmitri Ivanenko's pioneer work on neutron-proton model of atomic nuclei


Contemporary nuclear physics started with the following brief letter of Dmitri Ivanenko in "Nature", 1932. 






Sunday, 20 April 2014

Gennadi Sardanashvily's Blog Post Archive


List of Sardanashvily’s blog posts (in English)






New ranking: Goggle Scholar Citation

My article: "In memoriam: Dmitri Ivanenko"

Foundations of Modern Physics 12: What are gravitational singularities

57th International Mathematical Olympiad 2016. Results

Our recent article: Partially superintegrable systems on Poisson manifolds

Our recent article: Differential calculus over N-graded commutative rings

Impact Factor 2015

Highly Cited Researchers by countries - 2015

My recent article: Lecture on Gauge Gravitation Theory. Gravity as a Higgs Field

The famous article of V. Ambarzumian and D. Iwanenko in 1930

Ten years of our book "Gravitación" (in Spanish)

Foundations of Modern Physics 11: Gauge symmetries

My new book: Noether's Theorems

My recent article: Classical Higgs field

New Lepage Research Institute

Our recent article: Composite bundles in Clifford algebras. Gravitation theory. Part 1

60 Years of Gauge Gravitation Theory

5 Years of our book "Geometric Formulation of Classical and Quantum Mechanics"

Foundations of Modern Physics 10: Relativity Principle

Our new article: Deformation quantization on jet manifolds

10 Years of our book "Geometric and Algebraic Topological Methods in Quantum Mechanics"

Foundations of Modern Physics 9: Gauge gravitation theory

15 Years of our book "Connections in Classical and Quantum Field Theory"

2016 Best Global Universities Rankings

My new article: Noether's first theorem in Hamiltonian mechanics

My philosophical selfie: "Modesty ..."

Who’s who among universities in 2015/16 by THE World University Rankings

20 Years of my book "Generalized Hamiltonian Formalism for Field Theory"

Who is who among universities by QS World University Rankings 2015/16

20th International Summer School on Global Analysis and its Applications

My new article: Inequivalent Vacuum States in Algebraic Quantum Theory

My new article: Higher-stage Noether identities and second Noether theorems

Impact Factor 2014 of journals in Mathematical Physics 

Polysymplectic Hamiltonian field theory

Conference "Geometry of Jets and Fields"

My new "Handbook of Integrable Hamiltonian Systems"

Abstract: Noether theorems in a general setting

Foundations of Modern Physics 8: Relativistic mechanics

World Reputation Rankings 2015 results

My 23 main mathematical theorems

Physicists in favor of and against the atomic bombing of Japan

New book: Introduction to Global Variational Geometry

Special issue of TMP on the 75th birthday of Andrei Slavnov

History of the Universe

Do gravitational waves exist?

The Milky Way map

Recent book on the history of atomic and nuclear physics

 Special issue of TMP on the 80th birthday of Ludvig Faddeev

New article: Classical Higgs fields

Photo: We are scientists

Noether theorems in a general setting

Foundations of Modern Physics 7: Non-relativistic time-dependent mechanics

Who is who among universities in 2014-15 by THE World University Rankings

SUSY gauge theory on graded manifolds

Who is who among universities in 2014

Foundations of modern physics 6: Lagrangian formalism

Archaic human tree

What academic social networks are most popular?

Obituary Prof. Giovanni Giachetta, my colleague and co-author

Impact Factor 2013 of Journals in Mathematical Physics

Foundations of modern physics 5: Supergeometry

Everything on international mathematical Olympiads

It seems that gravitational waves do not exist

Highly cited researchers 2014 by countries

Scientific Biography (#)

My conjecture: gravity is not quantized in general (#)

On a notion of the mathematical structure (#)

Is a metric gravitational field non-quantized? (#)

Geometry of the composite bundles (from my Scientific Biography) (#)

What is Nobel Prize in Physics 2013 for? (#)

Who is who among universities in 2013 by THE World University Rankings (#)

Dmitri Ivanenko and Lev Landau – two archival photos (#)

Who is who among universities in 2013 (#)

Sardanashvily Internet addresses (#)

My lectures on supergeometry (#)

Is supersymmetry illusive? (#)

Solvey Conference 1927: They created contemporary physics (#)

Who is who in modern cosmology theory (#)

How we are small in the Universe (#)

Impact Factor 2012 of Journals in mathematical physics (#)

“Albert Einstein” of Vadim Sidur (#)

My review: “Geometric formulation of non-autonomous mechanics” (#)

Quantum field theory: functional integrals as a true measure (from my Scientific Biography) (#)

Against the Impact Factor (#)

Experiments 2013 look promising … (#)

What is Gauge Gravitation Theory about? (#)

Introduction to my book “Advanced Differential Geometry for Theoreticians” (#)

30 Years of “The Gauge Treatment of Gravity”

What is a classical Higgs field? (#)

Lectures on integrable Hamiltonian systems (#)

My articles in WikipediA (#)

Fibre bundle formulation of time-dependent mechanics (#)

Graded Lagrangian formalism (#)

New Managing Editor of IJGMMP (#)

Any theory is either incomplete or contradictory (#)

Biographic books of WikipediA: Theoretical Physicists, … (#)

Ambarzumyan, Ivanenko and the Sturm – Liouville inverse problem (#)

My favourite painting in the structuralism style (#)

Jet manifold formalism (from my Scientific Biography) (#)

D.Ivanenko’s proton-neutron model of atomic nuclei of 1932 (#)

My review: “Axiomatic quantum field theory” (#)

Different citation indices (#)

My review “Axiomatic classical (prequantum) field theory” (#)

Victor Ambartsumian and Dmitri Ivanenko in history of Quantum Field Theory (#)

My Scientific Biography (#)

Humanity will never leave the Solar system (#)

Introduction to my book “Lectures on Differential Geometry of Modules and Rings”

Infinite-dimensional differential geometry (#)

My new book on differential geometry of modules and rings (#)

Why to gauge gravity? (#)

Discrete space-time (from my Scientific Biography) (#)

What is a mathematical structure? (#)

The Higgs boson or the Higgs vacuum? (#)

Impact Factor 2011 of Journals in Mathematical Physics (#)

Dmitri Ivanenko’s archive: Nobel Laureates Letters (#)

My book: Generalized Hamiltonian Formalism for Field Theory 2012/06/

Our book in Spanish: D.Ivanenko, G.Sardanashvili, Gravitación 2012/06/

Nobel laureates inscriptions on the walls of Ivanenko's office in Moscow State University 2012/06/

My lectures on mathematical physics 2012/05/

Lagrangian BRST theory (from my Scientific biografy) 2012/05/

Classical mechanics and field theory admit comprehensive geometric formulation 2012/05/

My Library: Completely integrable and superintegrable Hamiltonian systems with noncompact invariant submanifolds 2012/04/

Lagrangian dynamics of higher-dimensional submanifolds 2012/04/

A problem of an inertial reference frame in classical mechanics 2012/04/

My Library: General Noether theorems 2012/04/

On a gauge model of the fifth force 2012/04/

My Library: Jet Manifold Formalism 2012/03/

Freedom is an immanent property of living nature 2012/03/

Review on our book "Geometric and Algebraic Topological Methods in Quantum Mechanics" in Mathematical Reviews 2012/03/

An energy-momentum is not uniquely deffned 2012/03/

My Library: Time-dependent mechanics 2012/02/

Review on our book "Advanced Classical Field Theory" in Mathematical Reviews 2012/02/

My Library: Advanced Classical Field Theory 2012/02/

My Library: Gauge gravitation theory 2012/02/

Is a momentum space of quantum fields Euclidean? 2012/01/

Hierarchy of Noether identities (from my Scientific Biography) 2012/01/

Can contemporary mathematics describe quantum physics? 2012/01/

Why only electromagnetic and gravitational interactions are in classical physics? 2012/01/

“Antropomorphic” mathematics and the crisis of science 2011/12/

What is a reference frame in field theory and mechanics 2011/12/

Covariant (polysymplectic) Hamiltonian field theory (from my Scientific Biography) 2011/12/

Why a classical system admits different non-equivalent quantization 2011/12/

Five fundamental problems of contemporary physics 2011/11/

Integrable Hamiltonian systems: generalization to a case of non-compact invariant submanifolds (from my Scientific Biography) 2011/11/

On a mathematical hypothesis of quantum space-time 2011/11/

Review on our book “Geometric Formulation of Classical and Quantum mechanics” in Mathematical Reviews 2011/11/

II. How we developed gauge gravitation theory (from my Scientific Biography) 2011/11/

I. How we developed gauge gravitation theory (from my Scientific Biography) 2011/11/

On a mathematical hypothesis of the quark confinement 2011/10/

The prespinor model (from my Scientific Biography 2011/10/

Who is who among Universities in 2011 2011/10/

My Scientific Biography: Student period 2011/10/

Illusion of matter 2011/10/

On the strangeness of relativistic mechanics 2011/09/

”Quantum” causality of ancient Greeks 2011/09/

Why a citation list for a theoretician? 2011/09/

What are classical Higgs fields? 2011/09/

The generalized Serre – Swan theorem is a cornerstone of classical field theory 2011/08/

Metric gravity as a non-quantized Higgs field 2011/08/

What are gauge symmetries? 2011/08/

Why connections in classical field theory? 2011/08/

Geometry in quantum theory IV: Modern geometries 2011/07/

Geometry in quantum theory III: Differential geometry of modules and rings 2011/07/

Does Impact Factor show anything? 2011/07/

Geometry in quantum theory II: Infinite-dimensional fiber bundles 2011/07/

Geometry in quantum theory I: Why familiar differential geometry contributes to quantum theory 2011/07/

Problems of gravitation theory: What is a criterion of gravitational singularities? 2011/06/

On geometric formulation of mechanics 2011/06/

Why connections in field theory 2011/06/

What are general covariant transformations? 2011/06/

What is classical field theory really about? 2011/05/

Non-commutative geometry meets a serious problem 2011/05/

What is meant by supergeometry 2011/05/

Quantum field theory: Functional integrals are not true integrals? 2011/05/

What is a discrete space-time? 2011/05/

What is true Equivalence principle? 2011/04/

On relativistic mechanics in a very general setting 2011/04/

Mechanics as particular classical field theory 2011/04/

What is a fundamental science? 2011/04/

Well-known mathematics that theoreticians do not know 2011/04/

What is true Hamiltonian field theory? 2011/04/

Classical field theory is complete: the strict geometric formulation 2011/03/

My teacher Dmitri Ivanenko, a great theoretician of XX century 2011/03/